The History and Invention of the Jet Engine

The History and Invention of the Jet Engine In spite of the fact that the innovation of the fly motor can be followed back to the aeolipile made around 150 B.C., Dr. Hans von Ohain and Sir Frank Whittle are both perceived just like the co-designers of the fly motor as we probably am aware it today, despite the fact that each worked independently and remained unaware of the others work. Stream impetus is characterized just as any progress ahead brought about by the retrogressive discharge of a rapid fly of gas or fluid. On account of air travel and motors, fly drive implies that the machine itself is controlled by fly fuel. While Von Ohain is viewed as the creator of the main operational turbojet motor, Whittle was first to enroll a patent for his schematics of a model, in 1930. Von Ohain got a patent for his model in 1936, and his fly was the first to fly in 1939. Shaves took off without precedent for 1941. While von Ohain and Whittle might be the recognized dads of present day fly motors, numerous granddads preceded them, controlling them as they prepared for the fly motors of today. Early Jet Propulsion Concepts The aeolipileâ of 150 BCE was made as an anomaly and never utilized for any commonsense mechanical reason. Truth be told, it wouldnt be until the creation of the firecrackers rocket in the thirteenth century by Chinese craftsmen that a down to earth use for fly impetus was first actualized. In 1633, Ottoman Lagari Hasan Çelebi utilized a cone-formed rocket controlled by fly impetus to fly out of sight and a lot of wings to float it back to an effective landing. Be that as it may, in light of the fact that rockets are wasteful at low speeds for general aeronautics, this utilization of stream impetus was basically a one-time stunt. Regardless, his exertion was compensated with a situation in the Ottoman Army. Between the 1600s and World War II, numerous researchers explored different avenues regarding half and half motors to drive airplane. Many utilized one of the cylinder motors structures including air-cooled and fluid cooled inline and revolving and static spiral motors as the force hotspot for airplane. Sir Frank Whittles Turbojet Concept Sir Frank Whittle was an English aeronautics specialist and pilot who joined the Royal Air Force as a disciple, later turning into an aircraft tester in 1931. Shave was just 22 when he originally thought to utilize a gas turbine motor to control a plane. The youthful official attempted ineffectively to acquire official help for the investigation and advancement of his thoughts however was eventually compelled to seek after his exploration on his own drive. He got his first patent on turbojet drive in January 1930. Furnished with this patent, Whittle again looked for subsidizing to build up a model; this time effectively. He started development of his first motor in 1935 a solitary stage radiating blower coupled to a solitary stage turbine. What was intended to be just a lab test rig was effectively seat tried in April 1937, viably exhibiting the achievability of the turbojet idea. Force Jets Ltd. the firm with which Whittle was related gotten an agreement for a Whittle motor known as the W1 on July 7, 1939. In February 1940, the Gloster Aircraft Company was picked to build up the Pioneer, the little motor airplane the W1 motor was reserved to control; the noteworthy first trip of the Pioneer occurred on May 15, 1941. The advanced turbojet motor utilized today in numerous British and American airplane depends on the model created by Whittle. Dr. Hans von Ohains Continuous Cycle Combustion Concept Hans von Ohain was a German plane architect who acquired his doctorate in material science at the University of Gã ¶ttingen in Germany, later turning into the lesser aide to Hugo Von Pohl, executive of the Physical Institute at the college. At that point, von Ohain was exploring another sort of airplane motor that didn't require a propeller. Just 22 years of age when he initially considered the possibility of a ceaseless cycle burning motor in 1933, von Ohain licensed a stream drive motor plan in 1934 fundamentally the same as in idea to that of Sir Whittle, yet extraordinary in inside course of action. Upon the shared proposal of Hugo von Pohl, Von Ohain joined German airplane manufacturer Ernst Heinkel, at the time looking for help with new plane drive structures, in 1936. He proceeded with improvement of his stream drive ideas, effectively seat testing one of his enginesâ in September 1937. Heinkel structured and built a little airplane known as the Heinkel He178, to fill in as a testbed for this new drive framework, which flew just because on August 27, 1939. Von Ohain proceeded to build up a second, improved stream motor known asâ the He S.8A, which was first flown on April 2, 1941.

The Shinto vs. Genesis Creation Story Essay -- Scripture Analysis

â€Å"And God said let there be light, and there was light†¦Ã¢â‚¬  as indicated by the Genesis story, a substance which bears no substantial face or real structure made the world with just a quick tongue. It bore the state of the earth, the abundant abundance of the dirt, the magnificence of creatures, and the marvel known as mankind all inside the time range of seven days. It made the idea of cultural law, moral guideline, and a respect for a divinity by steadfast subjects. What's more, it established a brutal standard of law which impelled that if any piece of you, psyche or body, were to resist it, you would be rebuffed in the now and in the after. In any case, the Christian recounting how our reality became, albeit following a way careless of the possibility of a multilateral way to deal with getting God, appears to convey a few likenesses to that of Shintoism. Or then again contrasts? The Shinto creation story is a masterpiece all by itself, also it takes on the possibili ty that different humanoid divinities, not a unidentified mass of profound consideration, made this world. Furthermore, we adopt on an alternate strategy to creation, wherein as opposed to things being resulting from expressed word, our reality was entirely made by two ace makers of land and ocean, Izanagi no Mikoto and Izanami no Mikoto . To start with, let us break down the specifics of the Christian Genesis story as to start defining the premise of examination and differentiation. We will take a gander at the two pieces of Genesis, the first talking about the detailing of earth and its inward points of interest, working together with the initial barely any stanzas related with the second piece of Genesis, which addresses the production of the main man and lady: â€Å"Light is directed to appear†¦ the light is separated ... ...ase of the universe of Christians, who see God as a preeminent being bound to a code of law which serves to secure their inclinations and guarantee that their life is regarded and proceeded. Works Cited 1) New International Version. Great Rapids, MI: The Zondervan Corporation, 2001. Print. 2) Shimazono, Susumu. 2005. State Shinto and the Religious Structure of Modern Japan. Journal Of The American Academy Of Religion 73, no. 4: 1077-1098. Scholarly Search Complete, EBSCOhost (got to April 23, 2012). 3) Rutgers University, Beginning. Accessed April 21, 2012. http://crab.rutgers.edu/~goertzel/genesis.html. 4) Shinto. BBC News. BBC. Web. 21 Apr. 2012. . 5) Leeming, David Adams. 2010. Creation Myths of the World : An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO, 2010. digital book Collection (EBSCOhost), EBSCOhost (got to April 21, 2012).

Top 6 Foods for Optimal Brain Function

Top 6 Foods for Optimal Brain Function Top 6 Foods for Optimal Brain Function Top 6 Foods for Optimal Brain Function When school gets busy and your calendar becomes flooded with deadlines, it can be easy to forget to treat your body right. The age-old saying goes, “you are what you eat,” but unfortunately many people don’t take this seriously. Deep fried, processed, and heavily packaged foods hold a lot appeal; they taste delicious, they’re quick, and most of all, they’re easy to access. Unfortunately, although convenient, these foods tend to be high in cholesterol leaving you to feel sluggish, unbalanced, and cloudy-minded. Here are 6 foods that can help boost brain function and improve memory. 1. Fish Fish are packed with omega-3 fatty acids and this is truly brain food. Fish can help to improve memory and lower the risk of stroke, dementia, and poor mental health. Certainly, fish can have a very unique taste that many may not like, however, tasteless and odourless fish oil multivitamins are available at most grocery stores. Essential fatty acids can fuel your brain and promote long-term mental capabilities. 2. Blueberries Not only are blueberries delicious, but they’re also amazing for cognitive function! Blueberries have been proven to promote cognition and improve memory. The best thing about blueberries is that they’re a great study snack; just pack a container and you can snack on them while reading over your notes in the library. 3. Eggs Studies have shown that diets rich in choline (a natural vitamin found in egg-yolks) can promote verbal and visual memory. It should also be noted that breakfast is indeed the most important meal of the day especially when it comes to fueling brain power. A high-protein breakfast helps to give you energy to last throughout the day which is necessary when trying to focus on academics. 4. Avocado There’s nothing quite like a perfectly ripened avocado and fortunately, this superfood is amazing for brain health. Not only does it lower blood pressure, but avocado is rich in monosaturated fat; This promotes healthy blood flow within the brain, too. 5. Water It’s a known fact that humans need water on a daily basis to survive, however, many people do not drink enough of it. Studies show that dehydration can actually shrink brain tissue, therefore it’s essential to promote brain function by drinking enough water. 6. Yogurt Many people know that yogurt is ideal for gut health. Yogurt contains probiotics which are good bacteria that help keep the gut in good health. Although yogurt does not directly influence the brain itself, it does keep digestion intact which is essential for absorbing all those nutrient-dense foods that will promote brain function. In other words, yogurt can help keep you feeling good and prepare your body and mind to be able to perform its best. The brain is a complicated, yet intriguing organ that helps to dictate our entire being, so it’s important that we take care of it. Eating these “brain foods” will help promote clarity, cognition, and improve memory both in the short and long term. Know of any other foods that promote optimal brain function? Sound off in the comments below! Top 6 Foods for Optimal Brain Function Top 6 Foods for Optimal Brain Function Top 6 Foods for Optimal Brain Function When school gets busy and your calendar becomes flooded with deadlines, it can be easy to forget to treat your body right. The age-old saying goes, “you are what you eat,” but unfortunately many people don’t take this seriously. Deep fried, processed, and heavily packaged foods hold a lot appeal; they taste delicious, they’re quick, and most of all, they’re easy to access. Unfortunately, although convenient, these foods tend to be high in cholesterol leaving you to feel sluggish, unbalanced, and cloudy-minded. Here are 6 foods that can help boost brain function and improve memory. 1. Fish Fish are packed with omega-3 fatty acids and this is truly brain food. Fish can help to improve memory and lower the risk of stroke, dementia, and poor mental health. Certainly, fish can have a very unique taste that many may not like, however, tasteless and odourless fish oil multivitamins are available at most grocery stores. Essential fatty acids can fuel your brain and promote long-term mental capabilities. 2. Blueberries Not only are blueberries delicious, but they’re also amazing for cognitive function! Blueberries have been proven to promote cognition and improve memory. The best thing about blueberries is that they’re a great study snack; just pack a container and you can snack on them while reading over your notes in the library. 3. Eggs Studies have shown that diets rich in choline (a natural vitamin found in egg-yolks) can promote verbal and visual memory. It should also be noted that breakfast is indeed the most important meal of the day especially when it comes to fueling brain power. A high-protein breakfast helps to give you energy to last throughout the day which is necessary when trying to focus on academics. 4. Avocado There’s nothing quite like a perfectly ripened avocado and fortunately, this superfood is amazing for brain health. Not only does it lower blood pressure, but avocado is rich in monosaturated fat; This promotes healthy blood flow within the brain, too. 5. Water It’s a known fact that humans need water on a daily basis to survive, however, many people do not drink enough of it. Studies show that dehydration can actually shrink brain tissue, therefore it’s essential to promote brain function by drinking enough water. 6. Yogurt Many people know that yogurt is ideal for gut health. Yogurt contains probiotics which are good bacteria that help keep the gut in good health. Although yogurt does not directly influence the brain itself, it does keep digestion intact which is essential for absorbing all those nutrient-dense foods that will promote brain function. In other words, yogurt can help keep you feeling good and prepare your body and mind to be able to perform its best. The brain is a complicated, yet intriguing organ that helps to dictate our entire being, so it’s important that we take care of it. Eating these “brain foods” will help promote clarity, cognition, and improve memory both in the short and long term. Know of any other foods that promote optimal brain function? Sound off in the comments below!

Unhappy In Its Own Way An Anna Karenina Study Guide

Published in 1877, Leo Tolstoy referred to Anna Karenina as the first novel he’d written, despite having published several novellas and novels before — including a little book called War and Peace. His sixth novel was produced after a prolonged period of creative frustration for Tolstoy as he worked fruitlessly on a novel based on the life of Russian Tsar Peter the Great, a project that went nowhere slowly and drove Tolstoy to despair. He found inspiration in the local story of a woman who had thrown herself in front of a train after discovering that her lover had been unfaithful to her; this event became the kernel that eventually sprouted into what many believe to be the greatest Russian novel of all time — and one of the greatest novels, period. For the modern reader, Anna Karenina (and any 19th-century Russian novel) can seem imposing and daunting. Its length, its cast of characters, the Russian names, the distance between our own experience and more than a century of societal evolution combined with the distance between a long-gone culture and modern sensibilities make it easy to assume that Anna Karenina will be difficult to understand. And yet the book remains immensely popular, and not solely as an academic curiosity: Every day regular readers pick up this classic and fall in love with it. The explanation for its perpetual popularity is twofold. The simplest and most obvious reason is Tolstoy’s immense talent: His novels haven’t become classics solely because of their complexity and the literary tradition he worked in — they’re fantastically well written, entertaining, and compelling, and Anna Karenina is no exception. In other words, Anna Karenina is an enjoyable reading experience. The second reason for its staying power is an almost-contradictory combination of the evergreen nature of its themes and its transitional nature. Anna Karenina simultaneously tells a story based on social attitudes and behaviors that are just as powerful and entrenched today as they were in the 1870s and broke incredible new ground in terms of literary technique. The literary style — explosively fresh when published — means the novel feels modern today despite its age. Plot Anna Karenina follows two main plot tracks, both fairly superficial love stories; while there are many philosophical and social issues tackled by various sub-plots in the story (most notably a section near the end where characters set off for Serbia to support an attempt at independence from Turkey) these two relationships are the core of the book. In one, Anna Karenina embarks on an affair with a passionate young cavalry officer. In the second, Anna’s sister-in-law Kitty initially rejects, then later embraces the advances of an awkward young man named Levin. The story opens in the home of Stepan Stiva Oblonsky, whose wife Dolly has discovered his infidelity. Stiva has been carrying on an affair with a former governess to their children and has been pretty open about it, scandalizing society and humiliating Dolly, who threatens to leave him. Stiva is paralyzed by this turn of events; his sister, Princess Anna Karenina, arrives to try and calm the situation down. Anna is beautiful, intelligent, and married to the prominent government minister Count Alexei Karenin, and she is able to mediate between Dolly and Stiva and get Dolly to agree to stay in the marriage. Dolly has a younger sister, Princess Ekaterina Kitty Shcherbatskaya, who is being courted by two men: Konstantin Dmitrievich Levin, a socially-awkward landowner, and Count Alexei Kirillovich Vronsky, a handsome, passionate military officer. As you might expect, Kitty is enamored of the dashing officer and chooses Vronsky over Levin, which devastates the earnest man. However, things take an immediate gossipy turn when Vronsky encounters Anna Karenina and falls deeply for her on first sight, which in turn devastates Kitty. Kitty is so hurt by this turn of events she actually becomes sick. For her part, Anna finds Vronsky attractive and compelling, but she dismisses her feelings as a temporary infatuation and returns home to Moscow. Vronsky, however, pursues Anna there and tells her that he loves her. When her husband becomes suspicious, Anna fiercely denies any involvement with Vronsky, but when he’s involved in a terrible accident during a horse race, Anna can’t hide her feelings for Vronsky and confesses that she loves him. Her husband, Karenin, is mainly concerned with his public image. He refuses her a divorce, and she moves to their country estate and begins a torrid affair with Vronsky that soon finds her pregnant with his child. Anna is tortured by her decisions, wracked with guilt over betraying her marriage and abandoning her son with Karenin and gripped by powerful jealousy in relation to Vronsky. Anna has a difficult childbirth while her husband visits her in the country; upon seeing Vronsky there he has a moment of grace and agrees to divorce her if she wishes, but leaves the final decision with her after forgiving her for her infidelity. Anna is outraged by this, resenting his ability to suddenly take the high road, and she and Vronsky travel with the baby, going to Italy. Anna is restless and lonely, however, so they eventually return to Russia, where Anna finds herself increasingly isolated. The scandal of her affair leaves her unwanted in the social circles she once traveled in, while Vronsky enjoys a double standard and is free to do as he likes. Anna begins to suspect and fear that Vronsky has fallen out of love with her and has become unfaithful, and she grows increasingly angry and unhappy. As her mental and emotional state deteriorates, she goes to the local train station and impulsively throws herself in front of an oncoming train, killing herself. Her husband, Kar enin, takes in her and Vronsky’s child. Meanwhile, Kitty and Levin meet again. Levin has been at his estate, trying unsuccessfully to convince his tenants to modernize their farming techniques, while Kitty has been recovering at a spa. The passage of time and their own bitter experiences have changed them, and they quickly fall in love and marry. Levin chafes under the restrictions of married life and feels little affection for his son when he’s born. He has a crisis of faith that leads him back to the church, becoming suddenly fervent in his belief. A near-tragedy that threatens his child’s life also sparks in him the first sense of true love for the boy. Major Characters Princess Anna Arkadyevna Karenina:  Main focus of the novel, wife of Alexei Karenin, brother of Stepan. Anna’s fall from grace in society is one of the main themes of the novel; as the story opens she is a force of order and normalcy come to her brother’s house to set things right. By the end of the novel, she has seen her entire life unravel — her position in society lost, her marriage destroyed, her family taken from her, and — she is convinced at the end — her lover lost to her. At the same time, her marriage is held up as typical of the time and place in the sense that her husband — much like other husbands in the story — is stunned to discover that his wife has a life or desires of her own outside of the family. Count Alexei Alexandrovich Karenin:  A government minister and Anna’s husband. He is much older than she is, and at first appears to be a stiff, moralizing man more concerned with how her affair will make him look in society than anything else. Over the course of the novel, however, we find that Karenin is one of the truly moral characters. He is legitimately spiritual, and he is shown to be legitimately worried over Anna and the descent of her life. He tries to do the right thing at every turn, including taking in his wife’s child with another man after her death. Count Alexei Kirillovich Vronsky:  A dashing military man of great passions, Vronsky truly loves Anna, but has no capacity to understand the differences between their social positions and chafes at her increasing desperation and attempts to keep him close to her out of jealousy and loneliness as her social isolation grows. He is crushed by her suicide and his instinct is to head off to volunteer to fight in Serbia as a form of self-sacrifice in an attempt to atone for his failings. Prince Stepan Stiva Arkadyevich Oblonsky:  Anna’s brother is handsome and bored with his marriage. He has regular love affairs and spends beyond his means in order to be part of high society. He is surprised to discover that his wife, Kitty, is upset when one of his most recent affairs is discovered. He is in every way representative of the Russian aristocratic class in the late 19th-century according to Tolstoy — ignorant of real matters, unfamiliar with work or struggle, self-centered and morally blank. Princess Darya Dolly Alexandrovna Oblonskaya: Dolly is Stepan’s wife, and is presented as the opposite of Anna in her decisions: She is devastated by Stepan’s affairs, but she still loves him, and she values her family too much to do anything about it, and so remains in the marriage. The irony of Anna guiding her sister-in-law to the decision to stay with her husband is intentional, as is the contrast between the social consequences that Stepan faces for his infidelity to Dolly (there are none because he is a man) and those faced by Anna. Konstantin Kostya Dmitrievich Là «vin:  The most serious character in the novel, Levin is a country landowner who finds the supposedly sophisticated ways of the city’s elite to be inexplicable and hollow. He is thoughtful and spends much of the novel struggling to understand his place in the world, his faith in God (or lack thereof), and his feelings towards his wife and family. Whereas the more superficial men in the story marry and start families easily because it is the expected path for them and they do as society expects unthinkingly — leading to infidelity and restlessness — Levin is contrasted as a man who works through his feelings and emerges satisfied with his decision to marry and start a family. Princess Ekaterina Kitty Alexandrovna Shcherbatskaya:  Dolly’s younger sister and eventually wife to Levin. Kitty initially wishes to be with Vronsky due to his handsome, dashing persona and rejects the somber, thoughtful Levin. After Vronsky humiliates her by pursuing the married Anna over her, she descends into a melodramatic illness. Kitty evolves over the course of the novel, however, deciding to devote her life to helping others and then appreciating Levin’s attractive qualities when they next meet. She is a woman who chooses to be a wife and mother instead of having it thrust upon her by society, and is arguably the happiest character at the end of the novel. Literary Style Tolstoy broke new ground in Anna Karenina with the use of two innovative techniques: A Realist approach and Stream of Consciousness. Realism Anna Karenina wasn’t the first Realist novel, but it is regarded as a nearly-perfect example of the literary movement. A Realist novel attempts to depict everyday things without artifice, as opposed to the more flowery and idealist traditions that most novels pursue. Realist novels tell grounded stories and avoid any sort of embellishment. The events in Anna Karenina are set out simply; people behave in realistic, believable ways, and events are always explicable and their causes and consequences can be traced from one to the next. As a result, Anna Karenina remains relatable to modern audiences because there are no artistic flourishes that mark it in a certain moment of the literary tradition, and the novel is also a time capsule of what life was like for a certain class of people in 19th-century Russia because Tolstoy took pains to make his descriptions accurate and factual instead of pretty and poetic. It also means that while characters in Anna Karenina represent segments of society or prevailing attitudes, they aren’t symbols — they are offered as people, with layered and sometimes contradictory beliefs. Stream of Consciousness Stream of Consciousness is most often associated with the groundbreaking postmodern works of James Joyce and Virginia Woolf and other 20th century writers, but Tolstoy pioneered the technique in Anna Karenina. For Tolstoy, it was used in service of his Realist goals — his peek into the thoughts of his characters reinforces the realism by showing that the physical aspects of his fictional world are consistent — different characters see the same things the same way — while perceptions about people shift and change from character to character because each person has only a sliver of the truth. For example, characters think differently of Anna when they learn of her affair, but the portrait artist Mikhailov, unaware of the affair, never changes his superficial opinion of the Karenins. Tolstoy’s use of stream of consciousness also allows him to depict the crushing weight of opinion and gossip against Anna. Every time a character judges her negatively because of her affair with Vronsky, Tolstoy adds a bit of weight to the social judgment that eventually drives Anna to suicide. Themes Marriage as Society The first line of the novel is famous for both its elegance and the way it lays out the major theme of the novel succinctly and beautifully: â€Å"All happy families are alike; each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.† Marriage is the central theme of the novel. Tolstoy uses the institution to demonstrate different relationships with society and the invisible set of rules and infrastructure we create and abide by, which can destroy us. There are four marriages examined closely in the novel: Stepan and Dolly:  This couple can be seen as a successful marriage as compromise: Neither party is truly happy in the marriage, but they make arrangements with themselves to carry on (Dolly focuses on her children, Stepan pursues his fast lifestyle), sacrificing their true desires.Anna and Karenin: They refuse compromise, choosing to pursue their own path, and are miserable as a result. Tolstoy, who in real life was very happily married at the time, portrays the Karenins as the result of viewing marriage as a step on the society ladder rather than a spiritual bond between people. Anna and Karenin do not sacrifice their true selves but are unable to attain them because of their marriage.Anna and Vronsky:  Although not actually married, they have an ersatz marriage after Anna leaves her husband and becomes pregnant, traveling and living together. Their union is no happier for having been born from impulsive passion and emotion, however — they pursue their desires but are pr evented from enjoying them because of the restrictions of the relationship.Kitty and Levin:  The happiest and most secure couple in the novel, Kitty and Levin’s relationship begins poorly when Kitty rejects him but ends as the strongest marriage in the book. The key is that their happiness is not due to any sort of social matching or commitment to religious principle, but rather to the thoughtful approach they both take, learning from their disappointments and mistakes and choosing to be with each other. Levin is arguably the most complete person in the story because he finds his satisfaction on his own, without relying on Kitty. Social Status as Prison Throughout the novel, Tolstoy demonstrates that people’s reactions to crises and changes are dictated not so much by their individual personalities or willpower, but by their background and social status. Karenin is initially stunned by his wife’s infidelity and has no idea what to do because the concept of his wife pursuing her own passions is foreign to a man of his position. Vronsky cannot conceive of a life where he does not consistently put himself and his desires first, even if he truly cares for someone else, because that is how he has been raised. Kitty desires to be a selfless person who does for others, but she cannot make the transformation because that is not who she is — because that is not how she has been defined her whole life. Morality Tolstoy’s characters all struggle with their morality and spirituality. Tolstoy had very strict interpretations of the duty of Christians in terms of violence and adultery, and each of the characters struggles to come to terms with their own spiritual sense. Levin is the key character here, as he is the only one who gives up his self-image and actually engages in an honest conversation with his own spiritual feelings in order to understand who he is and what his purpose in life is. Karenin is a very moral character, but this is presented as a natural instinct for Anna’s husband—not something he has come to through thought and contemplation, but rather simply the way he is. As a result, he does not truly grow during the course of the story but finds satisfaction in being true to himself. All the other major characters ultimately live selfish lives and are thus less happy and less fulfilled than Levin. Historical Context Anna Karenina was written at a time in Russian history — and world history — when culture and society were restless and on the verge of rapid change. Within fifty years the world would plunge into a World War that would redraw maps and destroy ancient monarchies, including the Russian imperial family. Old societal structures were under attack from forces without and within, and traditions were constantly questioned. And yet, Russian aristocratic society (and, again, high society around the world) was more rigid and bound by tradition than ever. There was a real feeling that the aristocracy was out of touch and insular, more concerned with its own internal politics and gossip than the country’s growing problems. There was a clear divide between the moral and political views of the countryside and the cities, with the upper classes viewed increasingly as immoral and dissolute. Key Quotes Aside from the famous opening line All happy families resemble one another, each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way, Anna Karenina is stuffed with fascinating thoughts: â€Å"And death, as the sole means of reviving love for herself in his heart, of punishing him, and of gaining the victory in that contest which an evil spirit in her heart was waging against him, presented itself clearly and vividly to her.† â€Å"Life itself has given me the answer, in my knowledge of what is good and bad. And that knowledge I did not acquire in any way; it was given to me as to everybody, given because I could not take it from anywhere.† â€Å"I see a peacock, like this featherhead, whos only amusing himself.† â€Å"The highest Petersburg society is essentially one: in it everyone knows everyone else, everyone even visits everyone else.† â€Å"He could not be mistaken. There were no other eyes like those in the world. There was only one creature in the world who could concentrate for him all the brightness and meaning of life. It was she.† â€Å"The Karenins, husband and wife, continued living in the same house, met every day, but were complete strangers to one another.† â€Å"Love those that hate you.† â€Å"All the variety, all the charm, all the beauty of life is made up of light and shadow.† â€Å"Whatever our destiny is or may be, we have made it ourselves, and we do not complain of it.† â€Å"Respect was invented to cover the empty place where love should be.†

Life After Sample Opinion Essay Topics

Life After Sample Opinion Essay Topics Get the Scoop on Sample Opinion Essay Topics Before You're Too Late The ESL essay ought to be grammatically accurate. Spelling, grammar, and punctuation always has to be considered. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about an approaching deadline. In some circumstances, this unprofessional behavior may be quite narrowly defined and might depend upon the conditions. Sometimes it's a matter of widening your search area in case you don't find what you desire. You are able to get ideas about how to generate your own outline too. There are homework help sites it is possible to access quickly that offer hints and examples on the best way to make an outline. Students who find they lack the skills required to research and formulate decent essay topic ideas should look at getting assistance from our experts. Using Sample Opinion Essay Topics Thanks to the correct selection of presentation style and a thorough understanding of the goals you wish to accomplish in your essay, there are plenty of categories essay themes may be broken into. It attempts to persuade a reader to adopt a specific point of view or maybe to take a specific action. Usually, the debut of your opinion constitutes of a couple of pages. If you're at a loss for what topic to select for your opinion essay, search online at which you can find lots of interesting opinion paper topics to acquire an idea about what it is possible to write about. Consider your essay is limited with respect to word count. Generally, opinion essay topics ask that you present your point of view on a specific matter. In this kind of situation, it's more convenient to discover ready-made essays and use them as an example. An opinion essay is a type of creative work. Actually, as well as getting a sample or help with only the subject, you can order an original custom made paper from our qualified experts. The ideal method is to deal with the readers directly. There are invariably a wide selection of opinions on the field of technology, and here are our favourite things to consider on the subject. In reality, you are in possession of a wide selection of unique choices available to you for your expository paper, provided that you can analyze and look into the subject further, and explain why it occurs. Whispered Sample Opinion Essay Topics Secrets You're predicted to persuade the readers with your arguments, so be sure that you include as many supporting academic parts of evidence as you're able to. Each opinion has to be backed by three or more facts or parts of evidence to support it. Give arguments to back up your opinion. Give reasons and examples to back up your opinion. You might discover sample essays on the website too. When you work with us, you're guaranteed that every one of the samples and topics will be customized to fit your purposes. In other kinds of essays, the content might vary. Write the bibliography in the appropriate format. It is possible to also find a variety of discounts on our site which will help you to save some more money for future orders or anything you want to spend them on. With the usage of sub-points, it's a lot easier to come up with what to write. All the sources used have to get cited in a bibliography. Obviously, there are occasions as soon as your instructor may offer certain topics to work on or a set of topics from which you may select. How to Find Sample Opinion Essay Topics Online With essay outline, essays will stop writer to get off topic or jumping from 1 argument to some other argument that doesn't relate with what it is that you are discussing. For example, you will probably learn to choose or make a perfect essay topic. As an example, the the subject of the essay is First Love. Moral argumentative essay topics are a few of the simplest to get carried away with. You don't need to find super technical with legal argumentative essays, but make sure you do your homework on what the recent laws about your preferred topic actually say. Many colleges and universities provide insight on how best to compose an essay. A student ought to keep in contact with the hottest trends and know which persuasive essay topics are related to sound convincing in regards to defending personal opinions. Looking at IELTS essay topics with answers is a significant means to assist you to get ready for the test. Respected sources will make it simple that you develop an outline. You are able to discover such sites based on the sort of essay you will need to write.

Student Collegiate Record System Free Essays

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Background of the Study The Student Collegiate Record or SCR is playing an increasing role in the working stratagem of registrars. It enables them to hold and access the information of students like name, student number, date of birth, citizenship, gender, parents or guardian, occupation, permanent home address, schools graduated, course, year, subject, total number of units and final grade. The registrar records, edits and keeps all the information of old and new students thereby making the school’s operations streamlined and effective. We will write a custom essay sample on Student Collegiate Record System or any similar topic only for you Order Now The existing SCR at AIE College International – Laoag Campus makes use of enrolment forms to obtain the necessary details from the enrollees. After which, the registrar records and saves these information in MS Excel. The registrar keeps each of the student’s records with a number attached (ex. IL-11-000478). The first two letters which is â€Å"IL† represents the AIE branch designation, the â€Å"11† numeric sign represents the year the student was enrolled and lastly â€Å"ex. 000478† represents the student number. Each student is only given one student number during the course of his education. The registrar then stores the hardcopy of files in bookshelves and the softcopy is kept in the computer. However, the registrar processes the information of the students individually so it takes a long period to finish all the papers. The registrar said that dealing with the student’s records manually is at times unmanageable because of the bulk of files to be checked one by one. The files’ security and confidentiality are also an issue since they are susceptible to access by unauthorized people and can be destroyed by unexpected circumstances. With this case, we proposed the â€Å"Registrar’s Student Collegiate System of AIE College International-Laoag Campus† to help the registrar minimize the time consumed in generating the records and information of the students. It will provide efficient enrollment process because it can track the subjects that the students have to take. It will be capable of storing, updating and securing the academic record of the students and through this, it will produce a more reliable and accurate students’ report. Statement of Objectives General Objective To create a computerized system providing efficient enrollment process, accurate academic record maintenance and reporting, and sound student information and data management for students, faculty, and staff of the college. Specific Objectives ?To create a system that will accurately generate records such as student personal information, subjects to be taken and grade status of the students ? To come up with a computerized system that will reduce burden in tracking the students information ? To maintain a central system of complete educational records for the school ? To create quality Students’ Permanent School Records ?To maintain and to safeguard the confidentiality of Student’s School Permanent Records Importance of the Study The results of the study on the computerized registrar’s student collegiate system are believed to benefit the following: Registrar – the study can help her work easier and faster in finding student’s record even if the student doesn’t know or remember his student number. She will be able to check student’s records and ensure that he/she has completed all of the requirements. Students – the study will provide them sound information about their school record Researchers – the researchers are benefited from this study because it will test their skills in making a system and provide them further insights about the effectiveness of the proposed registry system at their school Future Researchers – they may adopt ideas on how to build a system of another school or company Scope and Delimitation The study will focus on the improvement and development of the registrar’s work to give accurate information of the students. It will lessen the errors that are provided by the hardcopies, and problems on editing the information of the students. This system will work easier and faster in looking or finding student’s record. This system can’t give the fees to be paid by the student. It is not capable of generating class schedule and the instructor that will handle the subject. It is intended to give the subjects to be taken, to check if the student passed or failed on his/her subjects and to show the final grade. Definition of Terms The following terms are defined for clarity and better understanding of this study. Bulk- it refers to all the records of students in a large quantity of hardcopies. Computerized – it refers to the use of computer to process one’s work easier. Files – compilation of documents How to cite Student Collegiate Record System, Essay examples

John Steinbeck’s “The Chrysanthemums” Essay Example

John Steinbeck’s â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† Paper Name: Course: Lecturer: Date: We will write a custom essay sample on John Steinbeck’s â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on John Steinbeck’s â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on John Steinbeck’s â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer John Steinbeck’s â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† Themes Gender inequality â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† has many underlying themes one of them being the theme of gender inequality. The story is a critique of a society that has demeaned its women. The society is filled with male chauvinists who give their women little regard. This is seen in the way the society fails to appreciate the qualities of Elisa, as she is smart, energetic, attractive, and ambitious. On the contrary, we find two key men who do not exhibit such qualities like Elisa being more successful in the society than she is. The gender inequality is depicted in the way we see Henry managing the ranch, eking out a living for the family yet he is not as intelligent as Elisa is. Elisa is relegated to the role of being a subordinate member. Henry refuses to treat her as equals. He informs her on the on goings of the ranch and does not involve her in any decision making. The story even portrays Tinker as more intelligent than Henry yet it is clear that he does not match up to Elisa’s spirit and passion. Elisa even goes ahead to confess that he cannot match up to her thinking. However, Tinker gets the opportunity to explore and travel the countryside instead of Elisa. He travels across the country in the belief that adventure is unfit for women. Importance of sexual fulfillment Another theme that is highlighted in the story is that of the importance of sexual fulfillment. The story highlights that need for sexual fulfillment is very influential and its pursuit can lead to men performing unnatural acts. Elisa and Henry are a married couple. However, instead of treating each other passionately, they end up treating each other as siblings or mere friends. Their relationship lacks any romance or passion. The lack of passion in her relationship renders her depiction as a robust nature coupled with fertility and sexuality useless. This however, does not interfere with her character as a sexual, normal and enviable person. The lack of passion from her marriage leads into having an obsession to Tinker. This obsession is very powerful and uncontrollable. It can be seen in her conversations with tinker while looking at the stars. Her conversation is illicit and very strong; it could be described as nearly pornographic. Her acts are also very suggestive as she takes a posture that depicts sexual submission. The narrator describes it as that of a fawning frog. In the end, her unfulfilled desires lead her into more traumatized state than the pleasure itself. The major characters in the story are Elisa Allen, her husband, and the Tinker. The writer manages to develop them into three-dimensional by giving them humanistic attributes and placing them in realistic situations. Elisa Allen is a major character in the story. She is a major character in the novel because through her we get to see how women are oppressed in the society. It is also through her that the characters of other major characters in the story are established like that of her husband and Tinker. She is depicted as having the humanistic characters of being interesting, intelligent, and passionate. She is a woman who lives a very unsatisfied and unappreciated life. Despite her intelligence, she does not have a career to pursue or a business to run. The writer manages to depict Elisa as a three dimensional character by giving her contrasting personalities. This makes it impossible for the reader to put her in a box or stereotype her. She is depicted as both having a strong and rough exterior and at the same time retaining a sense of compelling beauty (Steinbeck, line 6, 348). This is seen in the way that she gently tenders to her flower garden and at the same time depicted as a strong manipulative woman who uses her wit to get her way. Her efforts are thwarted and are constantly ignored as if she is not worth any sense. She is totally left in the sidelines in the running of the ranch. She is not consulted nor is she included in any decision making in the running of the ranch. All her efforts to try to participate in the running of the farm are frustrated by the condescending remarks by her husband. Her own motherly attributes are also left to waste, as she does not have any children of her own to foster. She is denied the chance of traveling and getting to experience the countryside. She therefore dedicates her efforts into tending the garden and her home. Her dedication and pride in her garden is highly exaggerated. It shows what all her worth has been reduced to. The other major character in the story â€Å"the chrysanthemum† is Henry Allen. Is the husband to Elisa Allen. The writer manages to depict Henry as a three dimensional character by displaying character traits that are conflicting. We see him appreciating his wife’s gardening skills and at the same time we see him giving her condescending remarks and demeaning her. He treats his wife kindly and even makes the effort of taking her out occasionally in the evenings yet we get to see that he does not have sexual relations with the wife leaving her feeling neglected. He is depicted as being a very moderate man but who is unable to fulfill the needs of his own wife. He does make the effort of providing for his family by managing the farm and taking his wife out on several occasions. This could be considered very commendable for any caring husband. He tries his best to treat his wife with the utmost respect. He even goes to the lengths of speaking well of his wife, he constant ly complements her and gives her praises. By any standards, he could be considered as the perfect husband by many women. On the contrary, his wife does not appreciate this but feels very inadequate and unfulfilled (Crane, 35-41). He fails to realize the potential of the wife to run the ranch and other more meaningful duties. He instead leaves her to tend to her little garden and other household chores. Henry is used by the narrator to represent the patriarchal man who is chauvinistic in nature and has low expectation on women. He does not see women as equals and ends up running everything on his own. This is because he does not have enough faith in her potential. He refutes her efforts at trying to contribute in the ranch with condescending remarks. He is of the traditional nature that believes that women are soft and men are rough. He is a sure depiction of the typical societal male who believes that men and women cannot be equals. The Tinker is another major character in the story. He is depicted as both exciting and smart. He is ignorant in that he did not go through the education curriculum. This is seen in how misspells the advertisement for kitchen implements and repairs. He is person who loves to flirt with Elisa even though he knows that she is married to Henry. He is also a chauvinist who has low opinion about women. This is seen on his view that traveling adventure is meant for men. Women are not meant for such but are to be left at home tending to the house chores. He is very clever and witty. This is because he able to use his canny nature to successfully convince the Elisa who is very skeptical to offer him employment. He uses his cunningness by first begging Elisa for employment. After he has secured employment, he ends up flattering her. He is able to manipulate the manipulator. This is because he managers to manipulate Elisa who was known to manipulate her husband. It could be argued that the Tinker does not posses these qualities and they are just an imagination of Elisa. This is because Elisa is so desperate to find someone who understands her and is a worthy partner. The story goes ahead to show the Tinker throwing away the chrysanthemum shoots. These are a symbolism to Elisa herself. This shows that the Tinker does not share the same passions and interests with Elisa. Historical Era (Time Period) The story is based in the period of the nineteenth century. The historical context of the â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† was the era around the year 1934. During this time, America had suffered a great economic slump and was just recovering from it. The great depression resulted in the crumbling of the New York stock market in the year 1929. The effect of the economic slump rippled throughout the entire world. Many people lost their jobs and ended up starting their own businesses (Davidson, 41-50). The story depicts this time because we see that neither Henry nor the wife is employed. They own a ranch in which they eek out their living from. From the clothing that the wife is adorning, we get to see that they are not very wealthy which was common with many a folk at that time. The story is successful in depicting this period. The story highlights the struggle and limitations that were imposed on the nineteenth century woman. The society then was very patriarchal and the men were ch auvinists. The author is able depict the characters and symbolism to create images and lifestyles of the way life was in the nineteenth century. The women are depicted as second-class citizens who do not have the ability to make any solid decisions. Thus, decisions on issues that pertain to them are made by the men. Flannery O’Connor: â€Å"Good Man Is Hard to Find Study Guide† Themes Salvation and redemption can only be made through faith The story â€Å"A Good Man is hard to Find† is a grotesque writing that has a couple of major underlying themes. One of the major themes is that salvation and redemption can only be made through faith. The author highlights no matter the gravity of ones iniquities, one can obtain redemption and the remission of ones sins by accepting Jesus Christ and having faith in him. This is seen in the way the old woman reaches out for the misfit and takes him as one of her very own young children. Because of this leap of faith, she obtains salvation and the remission of her sins. All her wayward past is completed remitted against her. This included her selfishness, racist mentality and falsehood. Her act illustrated her contrite acceptance of Jesus as savior and hence her consequent sainthood. Due to this act, she becomes what the story describes as the â€Å"good man† who is hard to find†. The misfit on the other hand refuses to accept Christ for the remission of his sins a nd continues to reject Christ (Asals, line 24, 54). Breakdown of moral values Another dominant theme is that of breakdown of values. The characters in the story behave in such a manner that suggests that the there is total moral decadence in the society that they are living in. the children are morally decadent yet the parents do not seem in any way appalled by their wayward behavior. We get to see the two siblings Wesley and June acting as hellions and having a very sassy attitude. Although it is common to see mischievous kids, what strikes the most is the way the parents act indifferent to their children’s immoral behaviors. This goes to show that this kind of behavior is an acceptable norm in this society. The society is also concerned with the wrongs of other people but is blind to its own. We find Bailey’s mother complaining of the way people have changed but is not concerned to notice her own shortcomings. She is nagging, constantly gives false information, and primps. The writer manages to depict grandmother as a three dimensional character by giving her contrasting personalities. This makes it impossible for the reader to put her in a box or stereotype her. The grandmother in the story, â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find† is depicted as self righteous egotistical person. She deems herself as morally upright. She considers herself to be above the rest on the mere basis that she is a woman. She uses this condescending attitude to pass judgment on others. She believes that her conscience to be the source of guidance to her life. She tells Bailey that her conscience would not allow her to take her children in the same path that the misfit was taking. This shows that her conscience was pure and always obeyed it for decision-making. The irony of it all is the same conscious was not pointing to her personal flaws. She constantly reprimands the mother for not rearing the kids in a place where they could broaden their thinking. The three dimensional nature of her character is depicted at the end when she is seen as humble, remorseful and apologetic. (Orvell, 117-124). One of the major characters in the story is Bailey. He is the son to the main character to the story. He is also father to June and Star. He is depicted as an indifferent father. This is because he is not perturbed by the wayward behavior of his children. He fails to discipline his own children even in the sight of their moral decadence. He is also very reserved as we get to see him being pushed and bossed around by his mother without his complaining. He is easily convinced to go out and visit an old house. He is also very unresponsive to the wife. He reluctantly accepts his wife to take advantage of him. His apparel is symbolic of his character. He adorns a yellow that has two parrots printed on them. This is probably a symbol to his cowardly nature (Johansen, 25-27). Historical Era (Time Period) Flannery O’Connor’s â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find† was written in the year 1953 and published in the year 1955. This time represented height of racism, segregation and the civil rights movement. During this time, Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. and other activists were conducting rallies and demonstration against the state of racism against the African Americans in the United States of America. This was fueled by the death of some activists in the riots and the inspiring speeches of Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. The story depicts this period in time because we see the underlying theme in the story is one of racism. We get to see the grandmother making racist remarks towards the misfit. The term misfit itself could be termed as a racist remark against this person (Davidson, 110-117). An alternative ending to Flannery O’Connor’s â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find† The story â€Å"A Good Man is hard to Find† has a very tragic ending. In the end, the grandmother recognizes the driver to be the misfit who proceeds to shoot her three times. Since the story is about religion, a more suitable ending would be that the misfit spares the life of the old woman. The misfit ought to have had remorse on the old lady because at the moment, she seemed to have changed ways. This ending would be suitable because it would reflect he message of forgiveness that the Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. was preaching about. The African Americans were known to be his staunch followers hence the misfit’s show of remorse would identify with the typical African Americans at the time. Works Cited Asals, Frederick. Flannery O’Connor: The Imagination of Extremity. Atlanta, GA: University of Georgia Press, 2007. Print. Crane, Milton. 50 great short stories. New York, NY: Bantam Books, 1983. Print. Davidson. American history. Canada: Glencoe / Macmillan, 2001. Print. Johansen, Ruthann K. â€Å"O’Connor’s Episodic Tales of Sin.† Bloom’s Major Short Story Writers: Flannery O’Connor. Broomall, PA: Chelsea House Publishers, 1999. Print. Orvell, Miles. â€Å"A Critical Study of ‘A Good Man is Hard to Find’.† Readings on Flannery O’Connor. San Diego: Greenhaven Press Inc., 2001. Print. Roberts, Edgar V. Writing About Literature. Brief 11th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson, 2006. Print. Steinbeck, John. â€Å"The Chrysanthemums.† A Prentice Hall Pocket Reader: Literature Ed. Mary McAleer Balkun. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Person, 2005. Print.

Two Cultural Practices among the Yanomamo Example

Two Cultural Practices among the Yanomamo Example Two Cultural Practices among the Yanomamo – Research Paper Example Cultural Practices among the Yanomamo Affiliation) Yanomamo belong to the group of Indians that live in an area that borders Venezuela and Brazil. They occupy the rain forest of Amazon. They usually group themselves with each group having a small number of people of approximately thirty people. Some groups have large numbers that can consist of nearly five hundred people. These groups are usually composed of extended families from the great grandparents to their offspring. The Yanomamo people live in unique shelters where all the people in one group live under one shelter (Warms and so they capture other women from other communities (Marvin, 2006). In conclusion, the Yanomamo community is the last existing of their original tribe. They usually stay in exceedingly small groups to sizeable groups of people, and the tribe is made up of their extended relatives. They have a rich culture that is decidedly different from many cultures in America. The cultures of the community looks down o n women and have a system that ensures that they fear the males. The women, unlike in many communities, become adults when they have their first menstrual periods. The people of the community view violence as a good thing because it enables them to protect their territory and their people. ReferencesAlber, B., & Borofsky, R. (2005). Yanomami: The Fierce Controversy and What We Can Learn from It. Redwood: University of California Press. Andreatt, S., & Ferraro, G. (2011). Cultural Anthropology: An Applied Perspective. New York: Cengage Learning. Ember, M., & Ember, C. (2003). Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender: Men and Women in the Worlds Cultures, Volume 1. New York: Springer Publisher. Kemf, E. (2003). Indigenous Peoples and Protected Areas: The Law of Mother Earth. New York: Earthscan Publisher. Marvin, H. (2006). Cultural anthropology. New Jersey: Pearson. Warms, R., & Nanda, S. (2010). Cultural Anthropology. New York: Cengage Learning.

Making Money from Farm Magazines

Making Money from Farm Magazines After publishing an article in  N.D. REC  magazine about  Toy Farmer  magazine, the TF editor asked if I would write for them. I said no; I knew green was John Deere equipment and red was International Harvester, but I knew almost nothing about farm toys. â€Å"Doesn’t matter,† editor Cathy Scheibe said. â€Å"Just be accurate.† Just be accurate! Of course! Accuracy is the hallmark of any article if you want to get it published and make money at writing. She named two collectors within ten minutes of me. How could I refuse? Thus began a working relationship that morphed into writing for a dozen other farm-related magazines, relationships which continue today, thirty years later, half my writing income every month, at ten cents a word to $350 an article, depending on which magazine, pay-on-publication. Writing for  Toy Farmer  at that time required photo sessions at farm homes of collections of thirty to a thousand toy tractors, combines, plows, and other miniature equipment, ranging from about 1.5 inches long to 18 inches long. Or toy trucks, which led to articles in  Toy Trucker Contractormagazine. Invariably after the session farmers would say, â€Å"Let me show you my other toys,â€Å" leading me to a Quonset filled with a dozen or two or more, real, big, tractors. Another opportunity, which led to articles in magazines featuring the big tractors:  Red Power, Green Magazine, Polk‘s Antique Tractor Magazine, Antique Power, Steam Traction, Farm Show, Farm Times, and  Farm Ranch Living. But the real steady money-makers were Gas Engine (68 articles, and counting,)  Farm Collector, (233 articles, and counting,) and the granddaddy of them all,  Toy Farmer  (293 articles, and counting.) As well as seven books about farm toys and tractors. The key to success at selling to these markets is threefold: 1. Finding the collectorsnot as difficult as it seems. Rather than going from farm to farm as I used to, now the simplest way is attending thresher shows or toy shows, held all over the U.S. Or finding neighbors or friends who collect. 2. Taking publishable pictures of collections at the shows, and if possible, getting the telephone numbers of collectorsnot always easy as they are often busy elsewhere in the show. These photos alone, or plus a quick chat with a collector at the show, if possible, is your research for your query letter to the magazines. Sometimes the pictures you take don’t become an articlethe life of a writer. Right now I have 59 sets of photostaken at a series of shows ready to query to my regular magazine editors. Judging Collectors often help with photos; for example, with my latest piece with Farm Collector, the interviewee revealed he owned a very rare tractor he hadn’t had at the show. He provided photos. 3. Set up telephone interviews. You’ll discover farm collectors are very passionate about their collections. They often tell great stories you can use: â€Å"As kids, my brother got mad at me, grabbed my cast-iron tractors, and smashed them on the sidewalk one These markets require basic information about the collection and collector, which they are more than willing to give. After you’ve studied a couple of the magazines, give them a try. The field is wide open. Farm Magazines: Farm Collector Magazine,  www.farmcollector.com Farm Show Magazine,  www.farmshow.com Gas Engine,  www.gasenginemagazine.com Green Magazine,  www.greenmagazine.com Red Power Magazine,  www.redpowermagazine.com Toy Farmer Magazine,  www.toyfarmer.com Toy Trucker Contractor Magazine,  www.toytrucker.com

Bank Lending (Loan Propsal) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Bank Lending (Loan Propsal) - Essay Example elocate to the new building--which would save the company an amount of more than $9,000 per month on the rental of premises where they operate from at present—at this time it is not recommended that Lettera Pty Ltd be allowed to have a loan. If the company is afforded a loan, it should be loaned the money with special restrictions. The business for which the loan is being applied is a family printing business. Old Mr Lewis is the director, and he is assisted by the two co-directors of his sons. This business was started five years ago by Mr Lewis, after having a twenty-year stint as a technical supervisor at a competitor printing company. That being said, his technical4 knowledge with regard to printing is superior. He emphasizes quality, and as such all of the machines used by Lettera must be imported from Germany as per Mr Lewis’s predilection. Both of Mr Lewis’s sons became involved with the business’s management5 straightaway after they finished with school. It is Mr Lewis’s hope that the company be inherited by hs sons. The older son was involved with the business since its inception whilst his second son has been involved for the past two years. Actual printing activities are not the business of either of the sons. Rather, they deal with the financial management and general administration ends of the business. In addition, they also take care of marketing6 of Lettera’s services. This division of responsibility does well according to Mr Lewis: According to balance sheets, the business did not do remarkably well in the past, however the company’s position did improve quite a bit within the past year. This can be attributed to the fact that Lettera is the only printing business in the neighborhood where it does business. This is because a major print franchise which was located nearby closed down. Mr Lewis sees the local business as the principal source of business for Lettera’s services. This is seeing as how Lettera has gotten

Abstract Data Structures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Abstract Data Structures - Essay Example In fact, the majority of object-oriented programming languages encompass the characteristics of user defined abstract data types. For example in C++ this operation can be performed by using a class that has no protected/public data members (simply private), nor some techniques, nor friends that return references/pointers to some of the private fields (C2, 2008). This paper presents an overview of various abstract data structures that are used in computing. An Overview of Abstract Data Type The design of a computer program can be made much easier and simpler by making use of the abstract data structures. In this scenario, the program’ data and information can be arranged into  abstract data structures  (or simply ADS). For instance, we can use arrays (where an array is a set or sequence of consecutive memory locations that has the same name and same type) to form a table that has 3 columns and an undefined number of rows, in the scenario of an  array  with 2 dimensions: 1-a huge amount of rows, and 2three columns. In addition, a vital characteristic of contemporary computer programs is the capacity to operate abstract data structures with measures or techniques that are pre-defined by the software designer or programmer. However, for this purpose data structure should be used cautiously, with consideration, and in detail. (Schmalz, 2007). Sometimes the term ‘abstract data structure’ is used  in place of abstract data type. The basic idea here is that we are involved in the real structures to store data. In this scenario, the one most simple abstract data structure is the  Linked List. Basically, a linked list is described through the techniques that are applied on it, which includes  tail,  head, cons  and is-empty. In addition, a list based data structure is an ordered linear structure. In this scenario, its head is the initial element in line; list data structure tail is the list composed of all the elements besides the fi rst. The cons of an element of a list is the list data structure whose head is that element, as well as whose tail is the unique list. Moreover, a list can be empty; in that scenario it could generate an error if someone attempts to access its tail or head; however an element can be considered to it to have a new list (Huntbach, 1999). What is Abstraction? The fundamental idea of abstraction is that a data type should be described simply in the form of processes that are applicable on objects of its kind, not in scenario of how the category is applied on a real computer (for example, an array or a stack). In this scenario, the objects of a specific category are built and checked simply through processes calls that raise the access functions for that particular type. In addition, it allows the programmers to change the data type without making any change outside the module of code in which that type is defined. Moreover, a common instance of an abstract data structure is a stack. In this case functions can be performed to generate an empty stack, to drive values onto a stack, as well as to pop values from a stack (BookRags, Inc., 2012). Main Features and importance for Computing From the perspective of abstract data structures, an abstract class is a class that does not encompass an application for one or more techniques. In fact, the abstract data structures do not have any direction of what to perform in response of a call to the process that is abstract. In addition, in order to generate an object for the abstract class we need to generate a real subclass and create an object for it to access it (GeekInterview, 2007; BookRags, Inc., 2012; C2, 2008). Additionally, an abstract class

The sustainable development

The sustainable development Sustainable Development has become the ‘buzz word in the present times. It is being used in every field right from environment to economy and politics. It is seen as the right kind of development, a solution, that is going to free the world from the dangers of environmental catastrophes triggered by the economic activities of man. On the one hand, sustainable development is perceived as the means to achieve a balanced civilization that exists in sync with its environment while at the same time progressing economically, and on the other hand, it is subject to endless debates on what exactly are its goals and how they can be achieved. This essay is a review of the chapter by Michael Jacobs, â€Å"Sustainable Development as a Contested Concept† which is a part of the book, Fairness Futurity: Essays on Environmental Sustainability Social Justice (Dobson, A., 1999). In this chapter, Jacobs expounds the radical theory of sustainable development and argues against the section that proclaims the principles of Sustainable Development (SD) to be redundant. He puts forward several interesting arguments stating the usefulness and absolute necessity of Sustainable Development in the present society. The aim here is therefore to underline some of the key issues and arguments put forward by Jacobs and to critically analyze the article. The author starts out with emphasizing the popularity of SD in the present times and its importance in context of the problems faced by the world. He highlights the two main definitions that have been generally used for sustainable development. One by the Bruntland Commission, states â€Å"Sustainable development means development which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs†. The second definition by caring for the earth states that, â€Å" Sustainable Development means improving the quality of life while living within the capacity of the supporting ecosystems†. The author has in a systematic manner, explored the key issues pertaining to sustainable development. These can be summarized as follows: KEY ISSUES The first issue pointed out by the author is that the concept of SD has not yet been universally accepted. There are various forces of opposition that resist the concept. He highlights three important resistances. The first is that SD is an insufficiently defined term and hence some doubt its incorporation into policy-making, as the objectives are not quite clear. Secondly, the section of populace known as the ultra-greens absolutely rejects the notion of SD. According to them, SD provides an excuse to the business and development interests to carry on their economic activities without considering the environment as much as it should be. According to them, SD runs the risk of getting sucked into the capitalist milieu. And thirdly, opposition comes from the academia who state that the concept of SD stems from the same set of ideals i.e. ‘modernism, scientific positivism and realism, which were the foundation of modern economic growth and society. The second issue lies in the lack of a precise definition of SD. The author points out that the meaning of SD lies at two levels. At the first level, the definition is universal and consists of a set of ‘core ideas that are accepted as an integral part of the concept. At the second level comes the debate on how it should be interpreted in practice leading to alternative conceptions of the meaning. Certain sections call for a more precise meaning for the concept to become operational. ‘The technocrats for example, state that SD can be functional only when one single meaning is agreed upon. There is a ‘gallery of definitions and it is not exactly clear as to what it means by the terms ‘development or ‘needs or what must be exactly sustained and how ‘quality of life can be measured. Then the environmentalists concerned about the concept getting politicized claim that unclear definition can lead to misuse of the term Sustainable Development (SD). It is in danger of becoming a clichà © used by businesses in order to show their support to the environmental concerns whilst actually carrying out unsustainable activities. The Third issue highlighted by the author is the rift between the ‘radical sustainable development model and the ‘conservative sustainable development model. The author starts out with putting out the six core ideas of sustainable development that are integral part of it no matter which model one advocates. These six core ideas include: Environment-economy integration Intergenerational equity Intragenerational equity Environmental protection Quality of life Participation. The key argument of the author is that despite of the fact that SD contains some drawbacks in terms of ambiguity at the second level, the core ideas of SD make it unequivocal at the first level of meaning itself. He explains that the core ideas are neither meaningless nor redundant because each of them makes up a very important objective requiring firm changes in every field of policy making. Secondly, he reasons that these core ideas were never a part of the ‘developmental goals of the countries in the past 50 years. Hence incorporation of these core ideas into governmental objectives has put development on a different flight altogether. And thirdly, the scope of SD is very broad consisting of not only environmental protection but also other issues that are social and economical. These issues spring out from the environmental roots and branch out into various sectors. Hence, SD helps in building a society whose, social, economic and political agendas are underpinned by the env ironmental agenda. The author brings out the rift between radical and conservative models of SD by exploring the opposing interpretations of SD along four faultlines drawn from its core ideas. The first faultline pertains to environmental protection where SD is divided between weak SD and strong SD. The weak SD lies on the principle that economic activities cannot be carried out under the limits of environment. Environment has to be protected ‘where possible only after assessing the economic benefits availed from protecting it. It does not consider the intrinsic or existence value of the environment. The strong SD, is totally opposite, as in, it lies on the principle that economic activities should not exceed the carrying capacity of the environment whatsoever and takes the help of tools such as ‘maximum sustainable yield to govern extraction of resources. The second faultline is in terms of equity, which is again divided between the North and South interpretation. The southern view calls for a redistribution of global resources and the release of northern domination upon the resources of the world. However, the north is still uncomfortable about this viewpoint and stresses very little on issues of global distribution of resources or intra-country equality. The third faulline pertains to participation. Here the implementation of SD can be divided into ‘top-down approach or the ‘bottom-up approach. In the ‘top-down approach the governments make the decision and public participation is only limited to implementation levels and personal changes such as recycling, energy saving etc. in the ‘bottom-up approach, participation occurs at the objective setting and the implementation stages. It seeks the participation of public in shaping the objectives of SD and how it can be achieved. And finally, the last faultline pertains to the scope of the subject area. Government and businesses restrict the scope of SD to only environmental concerns. They claim that the efficiency of SD decreases as its breadth increases, as it only becomes a generalized approach to ‘progress. However, advocates of the broader conception state that SD is about the total quality of life and is valid for the entire societal concerns. The radical SD model is based on the egalitarian, strong, bottom-up and broad interpretation of SD while the other set of ideas characterize the conservative model of SD. Here it would suffice to say that the author clearly advocates the radical model of sustainable development and refutes the criticism that SD is vague and unsuitable for application. He argues that implementing SD no matter what its weaknesses are, would lead to the slow diffusion of radical SD without making the political and economic organizations jittery and uncomfortable. He argues, that even though SD is blamed to provide an excuse to the governments and businesses to carry on their economic activities, it has at the least, put up environment on the map of the business agenda. SD has created considerable debate on what should be done to protect the environment and how it should be done. It has raised awareness and increased pressure on the government to deliver. After highlighting these key issues and arguments, the following part of the essay shall consider the strengths and weaknesses of the article. It would delve into how the author has convincingly advocated the implementation of radical SD model and what are the issues he has missed out on. STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF THE ARTICLE The author has applied a very structured methodology to put forward his argument in support of sustainable development convincingly. His approach is to first define the concept of sustainable development. He uses the two most common ones that are widely accepted. These include the brundtland definition and the caring for the earth definition. These have been given at the beginning of this essay. Then he gives out the six core ideas of SD, which make up its essence. He uses these core ideas to explain the rift between the radical and conservative sustainability and finishes off with the conclusion that radical sustainability forms the core of the definition of sustainable development. As the author clearly states â€Å"There is nothing underhand about this: though contested at the second level of meaning, the radical model is drawn directly from the uncontested first level concept of sustainable development†. The major strength of the article lies in the fact that it clearly stresses the importance of sustainable development in spite of its various drawbacks. It is of a common opinion that sustainable development is the most appropriate existing approach to bringing policy changes in every phase of the society. The author puts forward alternative interpretations of the concept of SD and expounds that the kind of interpretation defines the perception of usefulness or uselessness of SD. SD has suffered from severe criticism in terms of its definition and objectives as have been clearly stated by the author in the form of the three kinds of resistances. The article is refreshing in the sense that, the author puts a positive view in support of SD and reestablishes its critical role. Many critics state that SD is incapable of changing the path of development. That economic growth will continue no matter what. The author is quick to point out the political significance of SD in this context. He states that SD has allowed adoption of international documents such as Agenda 21 by various countries putting SD and environmental protection on their objective list. ‘There are much greater levels of activity and debate in the environmental policy field. The author highlights the various ways in which SD has been able to bring a change in the approach to things. Firstly, governments are faced with an obligation to fulfill their commitment by signing documents such as agenda 21. As participation forms an integral part of SD, it has revived the participation of the public who are demanding for greater initiatives by the government. Secondly, it has increased the pressure of the media and pressure groups on the government and has become a valuable tool to make the government and businesses accountable. And thirdly, it has led to redefining the policy framework of institutions and put environmental protection on the table. Many critics are of the view that SD runs the danger of commercializing environmental protection. The author refutes the argument saying that if it were not for SD the governments would not even have been ‘pretending. SD binds the governments to new commitments and makes them more responsible even if it is at a b eginners level. The author very nicely puts forward that the strength of SD lies in the fact that every community has endorsed it. It is supported not only by the radicals but also by the conservatives. In the words of the author, â€Å"SD appears to have the remarkable capacity to articulate, nourish and propagate quite radical political ideas while appearing respectably non-political†. The author uses the four faultlines very effectively in order to bring out the ambiguity created by differing conceptions. While one interpretation, i.e. the conservative interpretation, limits the effectiveness of SD, the other interpretation calls for an overhaul of the existing policy making infrastructure. Hence before being critical of how sustainable is sustainable development, it is important to judge the interpretation taken into account for that particular scenario. Although all the ideas suggested by the radical model as put down by Jacobs, are relevant and address the core problems directly, one very important issues highlighted by Jacobs has been the North-South issue. This issue deserves more thought as it plays an important role in garnering international cooperation for SD. However, the issue does not solely lie in the global redistribution of the resources but also on the blame-game played by each other. While the North blames the poor of the south for environmental degradation, it doesnt take into account issues such as subsistence lifestyles of the very poor in the south and local scale of the degradation caused by them as compared to the global scale of degradation caused by the activities in the north (Timothy Boyle, 1998). Unless the North recognizes the consequences of its own activities and the need to change them, SD will mainly remain ideal in nature. Another important point that has been missed out is that economic growth forms the basic premise of SD. SD does not stop economic growth but only changes the way in which this growth is achieved. It has been implied that economic growth is needed to remove poverty, which is a major cause and effect of global environmental problems (WCED). However, the fact that has gone unrecognized is that economic growth per se has not been able to remove poverty till now. In the words of Sharachchandra, â€Å"if economic growth itself leads to neither environmental sustainability nor removal of poverty, it is clearly a non-objective for SD†. And finally, the notion of equity differs from place to place. What is equitable in the north may not be equitable in the south. There has been literature in the developing countries especially by authors like Jodha, who have pointed out evidence that inequity has actually ensured sustainable usage of resources. The standards governing equitability differ and hence cannot be made universal. Hence to conclude, Jacobs has done a good job at propounding the usefulness of sustainability and dismissing its critics. However, there are many minute points of digression in the concept that need to be looked at. SD as a concept cannot be run across the breadth of the globe but has to adapt itself to the microscopic differences between region to region. This is not to undermine the fact that SD has and will continue to play an important role in modifying global economic and political scenarios.

Matrix Versus Allegory of the Cave

Plato’s classic The Allegory of the Cave and seminal science-fiction film The Matrix at first glance seem to have nothing in common. The first is written and set in the ancient times, revolving around Socrates telling his follower Glaucon about chained prisoners in a primitive cave watching shadow puppets lighted by a fire burning at the cave’s opening. The latter is a futuristic story set in a world controlled by artificial-intelligent computers that created the Matrix, a virtual world programmed for the humans to live in, as an attempt to keep the human race contained and under control.Although Plato’s The Allegory of the Cave and The Matrix were created in two very different centuries, they are related in many ways. Within the similarities between the two stories, themes that relate to both of the stories are presented. Both stories have characters that are built around the same roles. For example, Neo represents the prisoner in the cave who discovers the true light of the real world. Neo had been living in a â€Å"cave,† which in this case is the Matrix. With the help of Morpheus and his team Neo is able to escape from his perception of reality and see the truth.Similarly, in Plato’s The Allegory of the Cave, the prisoner was able to come out of the cave with the help of the man whose name was not mentioned. Both the prisoner and Neo are ignorant of the truth until their mentors enlighten them. But accepting the truth is not easy for both as well; regarding the prisoners, Socrates explains that â€Å"At first, when any of them is liberated†¦ he will suffer sharp pains; the glare will distress him, and he will be unable to see the realities of which in his former state he had seen shadows. Neo similarly suffers when he sees the â€Å"true light,† which is to him the real and cruel world outside of the Matrix that he cannot seem to grasp because it seems too bad to be true. Another strikingly similar set of char acters is Morpheus and the unnamed man. They both serve as mentors to the oblivious characters. Morpheus allows Neo to break out of his pod and see the seemingly unbelievable harsh reality. Morpheus calls Neo the chosen one, whose purpose is to destroy the Matrix. The themes of The Allegory of the Cave and The Matrix are very similar. In The Allegory of the Cave, Socrates explains that what we see is not the real hing, but it is only what we see in our mind, thus we are not experiencing reality directly. In The Matrix, we experience life in a virtual world that we think is real, which also means that we are not experiencing reality directly. This idea can be seen with the following quote from the The Matrix: Spoon girl: Do not try and bend the spoon. That's impossible. Instead†¦ only try to realize the truth. Neo: What truth? Spoon girl: There is no spoon. Neo: There is no spoon? Spoon girl: Then you'll see, that it is not the spoon that bends, it is only yourself.The girl expl ains in this quote that the spoon is not physically able to bend but it is just our minds playing tricks on us. Another similarity is that the people controlling the Matrix are able to manipulate what goes on and what the people in the Matrix see. Likewise, the prisoners in the cave can only see what is shown by the shadows cast of the objects that others control. Both the prisoners in the cave and the people in the Matrix are confined to their respective areas and cannot escape until someone from the outside real world rescues them.In the film, the truth is used to save the human race, while in The Allegory of the Cave the truth is used to enlighten the prisoners. In The Matrix, Morpheus tells Neo about the Matrix and how he’s the â€Å"chosen one. † Morpheus believes that Neo is capable of saving humanity and is willing to risk his life for Neo. Another difference is that the Matrix that Neo was living in was actually better than the real world, while in The Allegory of the Cave the world outside the cave is much better.Finally, the Matrix is created by people, programmed to deceive, while the cave exists naturally and the only thing that’s manipulated is the shadows. Both plots are based upon the theme of reality versus perception of reality. In both The Matrix and The Allegory of the Cave Neo and the prisoner meet their respective mentors and are exposed to the real world as unbelievable as it may seem. Both characters have one purpose which is to help the rest of humanity come out of their â€Å"cave† and see the truth. Although there may be minor differences, the overall theme is the same: what is really true?

Seattle Pacific University Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

Seattle Pacific University is a private Christian university with an acceptance rate of 90%. Founded in 1891 by the Free Methodist Church of North America, Seattle Pacifics 43-acre campus is located in a residential neighborhood 10 miles from downtown Seattle. The school also owns property on Blakely Island and Whidbey Island. Undergraduates can choose from over 70 majors with fields such as psychology, business, and nursing being among the most popular. The university has a 13-to-1  student / faculty ratio, and the majority of classes have under 30 students. In athletics, the SPU Falcons compete in the NCAA Division II  Great Northwest Athletic Conference  (GNAC). Considering applying to Seattle Pacific University? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, Seattle Pacific University had an acceptance rate of 90%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 90 students were admitted, making SPUs admissions process less competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 4,172 Percent Admitted 90% Percent Admitted who Enrolled (Yield) 19% SAT Scores and Requirements Seattle Pacific University requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 84% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 520 630 Math 510 610 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of SPUs admitted students fall within the top 35% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to SPU scored between 520 and 630, while 25% scored below 520 and 25% scored above 630. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 510 and 610, while 25% scored below 510 and 25% scored above 610. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1240 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at Seattle Pacific University. Requirements Seattle Pacific does not require the SAT writing section or SAT Subject tests. Note that SPU participates in the scorechoice program, which means that the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all SAT test dates. ACT Scores and Requirements Seattle Pacific University requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 38% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 20 28 Math 19 25 Composite 20 27 This admissions data tells us that most of SPUs admitted students fall within the top 48% nationally on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to Seattle Pacific University received a composite ACT score between 20 and 27, while 25% scored above 27 and 25% scored below 20. Requirements SPU does not require the ACT writing section. Unlike many universities, Seattle Pacific superscores ACT results; your highest subscores from multiple ACT sittings will be considered. GPA In 2018, the average high school GPA of Seattle Pacific Universitys incoming freshmen class was 3.51, and 56% of incoming students had average GPAs of 3.5 and above. These results suggest that most successful applicants to Seattle Pacific University have primarily high B grades. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph Seattle Pacific University Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to Seattle Pacific University. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in  with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances Seattle Pacific University, which accepts over three-quarters of students, has a slightly selective admissions process. If your SAT/ACT scores and GPA fall within the schools average ranges, you have a strong chance of being accepted. Keep in mind, however, that SPU has a holistic admissions process involving other factors beyond your grades and test scores. A strong application essay and glowing letters of recommendation can strengthen your application, as can participation in meaningful extracurricular activities and a rigorous course schedule. Note that letters of recommendation are optional, but strongly recommended. Applicants are also encouraged to participate in an interview, either in-person or by phone. This will demonstrate your interest  in the university and help you determine if the university is a good fit. Students with particularly compelling stories or achievements can still receive serious consideration even if their test scores and grades are outside SPUs average range. In the graph above, the blue and green dots represent students who were accepted to Seattle Pacific University. Most had SAT scores (ERWM) of 1000 or higher, an ACT composite of 20 or higher, and a high school average of a B or better. Grades and test scores above these lower ranges will improve your chances of acceptance. If You Like Seattle Pacific University, You May Also Like These Schools University of Washington-SeattleUniversity of Washington-BothellUniversity of Washington-TacomaWestern Washington UniversitySeattle UniversityGonzaga UniversityWashington State University All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and Seattle Pacific University Undergraduate Admissions Office.

Criminal Justice Reform / Speech Paper with Outline and...

FACTORS: I. Basic Introduction and description - Introduce basic sides of Criminal Law and Elaborate II. General History and Development - Discuss the history and modifications of Reform Laws in California III. Main Problems and Concern Stimulants - Point out real life statistics and point out incidents IV. Conclusion - Point out the need for an extreme reform and what can be done SENTENCE OUTLINE I. An analysis of Department of Corrections data by the Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice in San Francisco, CA, in Nov, 1995 indicates that since the enactment of California s Three Strikes law two years ago, 192 have struck out for marijuana possession, compared to 40 for murder, 25 for rape, and 24 for kidnapping.†¦show more content†¦But I submit that such a philosophical foundation is flawed. Revenge while understandable from an individual human perspective is not a proper basis for society s response to the misbehavior of its laws. This human urge to punish should be removed from the current system and replaced with methods of restrictions that utilize the offender s potential to benefit his victim and society at large. In other words, in a free society the end desired is the correction of behavior that utilizes the least force . This conforms to the principles of limited government, efficiency, reduced cost, and personal freedom as advocated by both liberals and conservatives alike. The basic underlying concept of this proposal is that incarceration should be reserved for those who are violent and thus dangerous to the public. Violent crimes would be defined broadly to include any act or attempt to injure the person of another except by accident. This would therefore range from murder to driving under the influence with current distinctions of misdemeanor and felony offenses remaining in place. The court sentencing procedures would also be modified to exclude incarceration for non-violent crimes with an emphasis on victim restitution and community service. The court would maybe rely on probation reports to provide the necessary offender personal history including employment, job skills (or lack of), and personal resources, e.g. bank accounts,Show MoreRelatedInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 PagesINTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT: CULTURE, STRATEGY, AND BEHAVIOR, EIGHTH EDITION Published by McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright  © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Previous editions  © 2009, 2006, and 2003. 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